Are You Ready For the Vampires of Your Industry?

“Value Vampires” sounds quite frightening!! As a matter of fact, there is a good reason to be frightened of them. This is the new breed of digital companies that are sucking the profit pool dry of the incumbent’s companies, companies challenged by the digital economy. Often, the “value vampires” provide products and services cheaper than yours, their global reach is unmatched, and their consumer experience is better than yours. “Value Vampires” is a term introduced by Prof. Michael Wade, an innovation and strategy professor at the IMD business school and the Director of the Global Center for Digital Business Transformation. He names “value vampires” companies like Uber, Airbnb, and Amazon, companies that have managed to be “winners of everything” due to their digital platforms. These companies scale quickly and almost without any limits; they expand their business from one area into new areas (e.g., Uber expanded from taxi hailing to food deliveries, Amazon from books selling to selling almost everything, to cloud computing, e-book readers, and much more). The customer experiences and the prices they offer are unmatched, sometimes even free of charge, their service levels are better, they disrupt the markets in which they operate and drive down the profits of almost all the market leaders. Sometimes the market leaders surrender and close their business (e.g., Borders, Blockbuster, and others). The “value vampires” wipe billions of dollars from the revenues of the incumbents in many industries. An example of a “value vampire” is WhatsApp – they sucked billions of dollars from the revenues of the mobile operators in a very short period. They use the platform business model that competitors can’t match; they have a global presence making it very easy for customers to reach them. For “value vampires,” even the sky is not a limit! As Prof. Wade says “Not only is Uber cheaper than most taxi companies they are competing with, but the quality is also better because the way you can hail them via an app, and their service is good. They also offer platform value in that you can hail an Uber almost anywhere in the world via the same app. They use their network to introduce other services.” A link to the interview of Prof. Wade’s by the Norwegian business magazine Kapital: https://bit.ly/2GTJpeuProf. Wade is also the author of “The Digital Vortex,” a book we have cited in Chapter 8 of our e-book “Doing Digital“. The book introduces the concept of the digital vortex, a tornado-like behavior of the digital force that is impacting all type of industries. The combination of the tornado-like behavior and the arrival of the ‘value vampires’ is the perfect example of why companies must make their digital transformation a strategic move, and start their digital journey as soon as possible. This journey is challenging not just due to the need to transform the business employing digital technologies. It is challenging also because of the need to transform your organization into an innovative and agile business, that offers new value to its customers and can respond quickly to the new attackers. To understand the challenge of becoming an agile organization, we invite you to download our article from Cutter Consortium’s web site (requires registration) at the following link: https://www.cutter.com/offer/agilifying-your-organization-6-steps-get-started Don’t wait for the ‘value vampires’ to arrive at your market. Start your digital and agility journey ASAP.

Carlsberg and Copenhagen Business School Crowdsource Innovation

Innovation is a must, and most companies recognize this need. The challenge is the source of new and fresh innovations. Many companies believe that innovation must come from internal sources (like R&D labs) and external sources (like Hackathons and startup incubators). Only a few companies use crowdsourcing to find and introduce new and fresh innovations. The famous Danish Carlsberg brewery is one of them. Let’s have a look at how they do it. For a number of years, the Carlsberg Group has been an honorary partner of Copenhagen Business School’s (CBS) annual Case Competition, which is one of the largest university case competitions for undergraduates, attracting students from top universities around the world. Carlsberg has defined a strategy based on the assumption that digital has an important role to play and has set a strategy titled SAIL’ 22 as a multi-year digital transformation of the brewery group. Digital has a powerful role to play in fueling the company’s traditional business with innovative growth opportunities and smart operational efficiencies. Carlsberg has decided to leverage the 2019 CBS Case Competition as a response to the increasingly digitalized world. More than 3,000 undergraduate students from 61 countries have signed up to participate in the Global 2019 online competition through CBS Case Competition’s own online platform. Through this competition, the students will contribute ideas and concepts for how Carlsberg can further leverage digital innovation to disrupt the on-trade scene and transform its partnership with bars, restaurants, and cafes in Western Europe. The top three teams will be invited to Copenhagen to compete in the finals. “From a strategic perspective, the rationale to invest in digital products and services is simple: if Carlsberg is able to provide insightful and valuable experiences and services to its customers alongside its great beer and beverage portfolio, it will enhance Carlsberg’s value as a successful, professional and attractive business partner and not just as a legendary brewery group,” says Nancy Cruickshank, Senior Vice President, Digital Transformation. ”We’re investing heavily in digital transformation activities across our business, and we were intrigued by the Global 2019 online competition to learn how the world’s best undergraduate students would prioritize if they ran this brewery group. We want to learn from digital natives how they would address high-impact, strategically important areas with multi-market potentials, such as customer engagement, distribution or e-commerce. The goal is to improve Carlsberg’s competitive position, and to stay at the forefront of innovation within our industry,’’ says Nancy Cruickshank. Unlike the incubator model used by many large corporations, in which small teams are tasked with disrupting traditional business almost as an external start-up, the lighthouse projects are intended to be deeply embedded in the brewery group. This is to ensure the relevance of the business issue in question and to minimize integration and roll-out difficulties. One of the projects already rolled out in markets such as Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the UK and lately also Switzerland is Carlsberg Online. With Carlsberg Online, the Carlsberg Group became an international front-runner on the brewery scene, which is still characterized by being relatively analog. In addition to online ordering, the team behind Carlsberg Online is constantly expanding the platform, improving content with do-it-yourself videos and providing insights never before available for on-trade customers on markets, consumer behaviors, new trends, etc. By participating in the CBS Case Competition, Carlsberg aims to harness even more innovative ideas that can potentially be applied to the business, while providing an opportunity for students to apply theory to a real-life business case. Link to the WebWire news site that published the article In Chapter 5 of our e-book (Hebrew) “Doing Digital,” we describe the importance of innovation, and we show several models and ways companies innovate. The idea of “Innovating innovating” we love to use, is the idea behind the need to innovate the way companies innovate. Using crowdsourcing and competitions is a great example of this idea. Not all good ideas can be created internally or even by hackathons with startups. Using a well-established competition, as the CBS one, provides the company access to many students who are digital natives, and can provide new and outstanding ideas for digital innovation. That’s the world they are living in.

The Age of IoTrees – Israeli Startup SeeTree Uses AI and Drones to Digitally Transform the Farm

Agriculture is one of the most interesting sectors regarding digital transformation. Our perception, which proved to be wrong, is that digital technologies are disrupting many industries and main sectors like finance, media, retail, technology and more. One sector which until recently, was under our radar, is agriculture. The reality proves that this sector is using technology quite aggressively to optimize every known aspect of agriculture. AI, Drones, Big Data, IoT, Satelite data, GPS, precise weather forecasting models, and other technologies, are penetrating quickly into almost every aspect of the agriculture value chain and business models. And this is good news – the world needs more food and more effective ways to deal with the global population growth. By 2050 the world will need to produce 70% more food to the expected 9 billion population. One of the latest terms, in this regard, is “Precision Agriculture,” a hot topic for over many years that started to deliver exciting results in recent years. Some of the published case studies are almost science fiction – drones patrolling over crop fields and monitor the crop conditions, photographing and analyzing soil conditions, identify issues and instantly deliver chemicals or fertilizers as require. Precision agriculture is using advanced machine learning algorithms that recommend the farmer when to harvest based on data received from many sensors and much more. A fascinating case study is the Israeli start-up SeeTree which developed an end-to-end intelligence network that collects data from the many trees in the far. It makes use of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning combined with boots-on-the-ground, multi-dimensional sensing imaginary utilizing drones and specialized vehicles to collect precise data to provide farmers visibility and monitoring of their trees health, whiled recommending actions (e.g., alter irrigation parameters, etc.) A recent Forbes article titled “How This Company is Transforming the AgriTech Industry by Blending AI, Drones” published on their website on January 16, 2019, is describing SeeTree and how they are transforming the farming and tree management by the use of advanced digital technologies. Forbes article In Chapter 2 of our e-book “Doing Digital” (Hebrew) Raz Heiferman and Prof. Yesha Sivan describe some of the exciting digital technologies which, they claim, are part of the Third Digital Age technologies. Some of these technologies are the ones that SeeTree is using to disrupt and transform tree management. In chapter 5, they extend the discussion and describe innovation. We provide some case studies of companies (e.g., John Deere) that used digital technologies to transform the company from a product-oriented company selling farming equipment, into a solution-oriented company that sells solutions for farm management. Link to our e-book (Hebrew) on the e-Vrit application: https://bit.ly/2odl5th

2019 Survey – Big Data & AI are Center Stage for Competitive Advantage: NewVantage Partners Big Data and AI Executive Survey 2019

NVP (NewVantage Partners), a strategic consulting company focused on data-driven business innovation, has published its 2019 survey on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. The 2019 survey main theme was to understand how Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are accelerating the business transformation. They first started to survey this topic in 2012 when they sought to understand the potential impact of Big Data and its implications on businesses. Prof. Thomas Davenport and Randy Bean wrote the foreword to the current survey. Prof. Davenport is a Professor in Management and Information Technology at Babson College, and one of the world-renowned thought-leaders and gurus in the areas of management practices, analytics, and its impact on competitive advantage on organizations. Mr. Randy Bean is the Founder and CEO of NewVantage Partners – a recognized thought-leader in the areas of Big Data, AI, and business innovation. As explained in the foreword, the 2019 edition of the survey results is a reason for celebration. 65 Fortune1000, as well as other leading organizations, are represented in the 2019 survey- with a high level of C-executives participation. The main findings of the survey, which is a worthwhile read for anyone dealing with Big Data and AI, are the following:
  • 92% of the respondents are increasing the pace of investments in Big Data and AI.
  • 62% have already seen measurable results from their investments in Big Data and AI (slightly less than in 2018, but still remarkable).
  • 48% of organizations say they compete on data and analytics. When Prof. Davenport first introduced the concept of competing on analytics in his famous 2007 book, perhaps 5% of large organizations would have said this.
  • 31% have a data-driven organization, and 28% have a data culture.
  • 75% fear disruption from new entrants.
  • 88% feel a greater urgency to invest in Big Data and AI.
  • 92% are driven by positive objectives – transformation, agility, or competition – and only 5% are driven by cost reduction.
  • All respondents agree that data privacy and cybersecurity are important priorities and 56% see “data ethics” as an important topic, probably a concept anyone would have mentioned a decade ago.
  • 77% say that “business adoption” continues to represent a challenge for their organizations.
NewVantage Partners full survey Looking at the finding of this interesting survey, you may conclude that Big Data and AI are on their way to significantly impact the business environment, and every organization should seek how to implement these technologies for their benefit. Raz Heiferman and Prof. Yesha Sivan have introduced the concept of “Data is the Oil of the Digital Era” in chapter 7 of their e-book “Doing Digital” emphasizing the importance of managing the data as a strategic asset that can be leveraged for improving the competitive advantage, and monetized to create new revenue streams. Data and Artificial Intelligence, and specifically Machine Learning, have become a must for most organizations that want to thrive in the digital era. “Doing Digital” e-book (Hebrew) on the e-Vrit application

Prof. Yeasha Sivan and Prof. Michael Zhang, from the Chinese University of Hong Kong Interview Was Selected as One of the Business School Top 10 Articles

An Interview with Prof. Michael Zhang and Prof. Yesha Sivan on Agility was selected by China Business Knowledge at the Chinese Univesity of Hong Kong (CUHK) as one of 2018 Top-10 most popular articles.

Small is Beautiful – How Digital Transformed Scale Advantage into Unscale Advantage

How Digital Technologies transformed the Economies of Scale to Economies of Unscale
A new and interesting article written by Taneja and Maney and titled “The end of scale” was published in the Spring issue 2018 of the MIT Sloan Management Review.  The two authors write about the exciting and challenging change in the new business environment – the change from the well known and popular concept of economies of scale to the new concept of economies of unscale. They write: “For more than a century, economies of scale made the corporation an ideal engine of business. But now, a flurry of important new technologies, accelerated by artificial intelligence (AI), is turning economies of scale inside out. Business in the century ahead will be driven by economies of unscale, in which the traditional competitive advantages of size are turned on their head.” For decades we were taught that there are advantages of scale due to mass production, distribution, and marketing, meaning that the marginal cost of production is getting lower the more units we produce. This was the rationale behind the investments of companies in scale – larger factories, mass production, mass marketing, and more. Organizations of all kinds spent the 20th century seeking scale. That’s how we ended up with giant corporations, and universities with 50,000 students, and multinational healthcare providers. Scale was also a barrier for new entrants. And then came the digital technologies and turned everything their head. These technologies (big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, 3D printing, drones, and more,) the emergence of new types of business models (e.g., the platform business model, freemium, the XaaS – Everything as a Service, digitization of physical products, virtualization of markets and their transformation to e-commerce and virtual markets, etc.) reversed the relationship between fixed costs and output which is the foundation of the economies of scale. Suddenly you can sell to new customers for very low prices or free of charge (e.g., the marginal cost of Apple to sell a new song with iTunes is close to zero, the cost of selling e-books by Amazon on their Kindle platform is close to zero). Companies have developed platform business models by matching demand with supply and generate money from the fees they charge the involved parties (look at Airbnb, Uber, Lyft, Waze, Booking.com, etc.) Some services are now free of charge for the customer while the advertisers are paying the bill (Google, Facebook, and others). The marginal cost for serving an additional customer is zero or close to that. In this new economic order, David beats Goliath and small is beautiful – small companies benefit the advantage of unscale. As a matter of fact, these companies can scale up to unheard scale (hundreds of millions of customers) without having to scale their investments accordingly in equipment, employees and marketing channels. As this article emphasized, digital transformation is a massive change and companies must understand the new business environment with all the new opportunities and risks. You can find more on this exciting phenomenon in our e-book https://bit.ly/2odl5th

“The Digital Transformation Should Start from the Top” say Prof. Yesha Sivan and Raz Heiferman from i8 Ventures in their The Marker Article

The Marker magazine published the new article (Hebrew) by Prof. Sivan and Raz Heiferman. The December 2018 edition of the magazine is titled “The Israeli High-tech Book” and is dedicated to the growing and almost unbelievably vibrant Israeli high-tech with a huge number of brilliant entrepreneurs that made Israel the Startup Nation that it is, and one of the most innovative economies in the world. Digital technologies are changing everything we know – the ways an organization conducts the business, the way it manages the relationships with its customers, the way it manages its internal business processes, its innovation processes, its decision making processes. Products are constantly being digitized (cars, TV sets, home appliances, and aircraft have become digital and software driven–what we call digital product augmentation), and in some cases virtualized (music, books, maps, magazines, movies, and much more have been converted into digital products–what we call digitization.) Many products have been transformed into services (what we call servitization.) Physical places are converted into virtual places (shops, banks, and service offices are all transformed into websites and e-commerce, what we call virtualization.) In this new and chaotic business environment, digital transformation has become imperative to all organizations, regardless of the business sector they operate. If your organization doesn’t transform, some other competitor will mobilize the digital technologies to disrupt your business, and sometimes the entire sector (e.g., Airbnb, Uber, Netflix, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google, Alibaba, WeChat, and Tencent have all disrupted entire industries.) Organizations should understand that this transformation is one of the major and significant journeys they should embark on, and it will take resources, managerial commitment, and time to succeed. To be successful in such an organizational transformation, a top-down approach should be adopted. The board of directors and the executive management should be involved, committed, and lead the journey from its very first step and throughout the entire journey. In order to successfully lead such a significant transformation, Sivan and Heiferman provide a set of tips: adding digital-savvy board members; educating and training the board on the new concepts and models (e.g., new technologies like AI, ML, Big Data, 3D Printing, and drones, and new concepts like digital disruption, digital maturity, digital business models, transformation types, personalized customer experiences, and much more.) Other tips are discussing the new strategic opportunities and threats, visiting and learning from the new potential startups (by organizing hackathons, investing and M&A, innovation labs and more.)

The Four Forces Framework for Agilification: Prof. Yesha Sivan and Raz Heiferman from i8 Ventures on the New Framework

Gone are the days that an organization could plan for sustainable competitive advantage and build a five-year (or even three-year) strategic plan. The business environment has become ever-more chaotic, dynamic, and disruptive. Enter agility as the new capability to develop transient competitive advantages with shorter planning and execution cycles. Welcome to the age of “agilification.” This Advisor, published by Cutter Consortium is based on our article Agilifying You Digital Business – 6 Steps to Get Started published by Cutter Consortium on the issue of Cutter Business Technology, Vol 31, Number 7, 2018 and titled Architecture + Agile: The Yin & Yang of Organizational Agility. We focused on the important interplay among leadership, culture, business architecture, and digital architecture. You can download the full article from Cutter Consortium website (requires registration) at the following link: https://www.cutter.com/offer/agilifying-your-organization-6-steps-get-started

Gogoro – a One Billion Dollar Unicorn from Taiwan that Wants to Be the Tesla of Scooters

You have, probably, never heard on Gogoro. One of Taiwan’s most exciting and innovative startups and the first unicorn (over 1 BN$ market valuation). Well, you should – they are revolutionizing the scooter industry the way Tesla revolutionized the car industry. Gogoro recently rolled out their electric scooter, the Gogoro 2 Smartscooter, and it’s really smart. Their concept is exciting, and like a two years old company, the results are amazing. Their scooter is well-designed, colorful and electric and above all – smart. It is an emission-free scooter, targeted for the crowded, congested and polluted cities, the challenging reality of most modern big cities. Gogoro website An interesting article on Gogoro. The core idea of the new electric scooter is the battery and the charging station network. As we all know the main challenge of the electric vehicles is the relatively limited traveling distance and the long charging time. Gogoro approached that challenge by innovating together with Panasonic a brand new battery, the Lithium Ion 18650 battery. The depleted batteries can be swapped in a matter of seconds or so, much less time required to refuel your scooter. Together with the new battery, they have innovated a network of recharging stations used to swap empty batteries with fully charged ones quickly. Instead of plugging in your battery to recharge, you just quickly replace the battery. Riders are offered a monthly subscription fee for that service. The charging station, like a vending machine, holds four rows of 10 batteries each. They already have 350 charging stations in Taipei (they claim that you can find a station less than every 1.3 km, and plan to add many more charging stations. Those compact stations, like gas stations, can be deployed anywhere. They already started to install the charging stations in many more cities and countries. If we remember the popularity of this transportation mode in many Asian countries, we can understand the huge potential of Gogoro. They also have plans to extend the usage of their batteries. According to Gogoro, a charged battery at 50% to 75% capacity can power a house for an hour, a laptop for 25 hours, a home furnace for an evening, or server rack with 40 servers for 20 minutes. Let’s focus shortly on the “smart” elements of Gogoro, the digital technologies they have used for their innovative scooter, a network of charging stations and mobile applications. In many ways, they are less a vehicle company and much more a technology company.
  • There are 30 sensors on the scooter including a digital compass, a shock sensor, and a thermal sensor. The Gogoro Smartscooter can analyze riding patterns, optimize energy use, and dim its lights when necessary to maximize energy. Every 10 minutes, the scooter uploads information on its condition online.
  • Riders can download sound effects and lighting patterns to customize their scooters further. Everything creative and versatile can be done through its smartphone app.
  • Gogoro mobile application enables many functionalities. Some are: where is the closest charging station; where have you parked the scooter; dual dashboard – on the scooter and on the mobile; scooter condition display; 256 bit digitally encrypted and fingerprint authenticated (it makes the scooter almost unstealable) mobile app that reminds when maintenance is needed and helps you schedule an appointment at one of the Gogoro Service Center.
  • Smart scooter power management that maximizes your range by generating energy back into the batteries when slowing down. Digital throttle with Sports Activation that takes riders from 0-50 km/h in 4.3 seconds; SBS braking that delivers simultaneous braking force to the front and rear wheels and automatically balancing stopping force to reduce slips when hard braking or during panic stops, and much more digital innovations.
  • Gogoro uses digital technologies to manage the charging station, quantity of available and charged batteries, allocation of batteries to customers and more.
Gogoro is a great example of a company that uses technology to disrupt the scooter industry. They have augmented the physical product (the scooter) into a smart product by using digital technologies (sensors, fully digital dashboard, mobile applications) and innovating concepts like a new business model (monthly subscription for charging the batteries instead of only selling scooters) and remote management of recharging stations. We can clearly see how Gogoro used several types of digital transformations, out of the six types we described in our e-book, published in Hebrew on the e-vrit mobile app.
  • From Atoms to Bits: In section 4.0.1 of Chapter 4 of our e-book, we named this kind of digital transformation as “atoms to bits transformation”, a transformation in which some products are entirely replaced by digital products (e.g., CD music, e-books, maps, photos and more) while some products are being digitally augmented (e.g., cars, home appliances, airplanes, and in our case, scooters).
  • From Products to Services: Gogoro transformed a physical product into an ongoing service by using the subscription business model to generate a constant revenue flow from customers for their charging fees.
  • From Business Models to Digital Business Models: Introducing a digital business model to generate revenues, opens up room for more innovative revenue generating models.

MIT’s Researchers Weill and Woerner Published a New Book “What’s Your Digital Business Model?”

On May 2018, an interesting new book was published on the exciting topic of digital transformation: “What’s Your Digital Business Model? Six Questions to Help You Build the Next-Generation Enterprise.” The authors are two researchers from MIT’s CISR (Center of Information Systems Research): Prof. Peter Weill and Dr. Stephanie Woerner. On the innovation@work blog of the MIT Management Executive Education, Prof. Weil presents the six questions, detailed in the book. Raz Heiferman & Prof. Yesha Sivan present the six questions shortly – issues discussed quite in detail in their Hebrew e-book “Doing Digital.” Question #1: How big is the digital threat and opportunity? Prof. Weill explains that organizations should ask themselves what percent of revenue would they lose if the organization didn’t change anything in the next five years. MIT CISR recent research showed the average loss of revenue for most companies would be 28%—jumping to 46% for companies in the $7 billion-and-up revenue range. To illustrate, Prof. Weill shared the example of WeChat, a digitized social platform used frequently in China to perform daily activities (like buying food, banking, travel, renting an apartment) and how it’s challenging conventional banks. Prof. Weill pointed out that these types of digitally-born companies are a “massive threat to the financial services industry” and could force the bank to become a commodity back-end service provider while WeChat and others capture the relationship with the customer. In their e-book Heiferman and Sivan discuss, quite heavily, the risk of disruption and present the concept of Digital Darwinism (Chapter 3). Like in Biology, organizations which are digital immigrants (companies born before the digital era), will face strong competition from companies named digital natives (companies born in the digital era). MIT’s research shows how significant this risk will become if digital immigrants organizations don’t embark quickly on the digital journey and start to transform themselves into digital businesses. Question #2: Which business model is best for your enterprise? To illustrate this question, Prof. Weill told the Aetna story. The insurance giant has made a strategic, broad shift in its business model, changing from insurance provider to a company that “helps build a healthier world.” Aetna’s goal is to create an Amazon-like experience and become a destination for its customers. In their e-book Heiferman and Sivan discuss (Chapters 3 and 5) the concept of the need to transform the business models due to the risk of disruption. Chapter 6 in the book “Doing Digital” is fully devoted to the topic of business models, digital business models and business model innovation (BMI). They emphasize the need of organizations to create their future by using digital technologies to rethink their business models and transform them into innovative digital business models suited for the digital era. Question #3: What is your digital competitive advantage? Prof. Weill posits that there are three sources of competitive advantage: content (what is consumed by customer), experience (how it is packaged), and platform (how it is delivered). To discover its competitive advantage an organization should determine if they are great—relative to all competitors—at one, two, or all three of these capabilities. Prof. Weill adds most companies that were “born” pre-digital may be great at only one of the three and should start digitally transforming that one capability, and then tackle the other two. However, he says, some companies (say who answered 50% or above to question #1) can’t wait and need to act quickly on all three. “The more you need to be world class, the higher the risk for your transformation not working. Or, the more organizational change and partnering you’ll need to do to create a competitive advantage.” In their e-book Heiferman & Sivan discuss, in Chapter 6, the topic of digital business models and provide a detailed description of the three sources of competitive advantage. This chapter is based on their previous article “Optimizing Your Digital Business Model” published in 2012. Those three new sources of competitive advantage in the digital era should be discussed and extended to meet the customer’s expectations. Question #4: How do we use the technology we have to connect all of the other technologies? Digital technology is fundamentally about connectivity – linking the customer and the company to meet more of the customer’s needs. For example, providers are battling to become the GoTo source of added value services to the home – whether it is digital lighting, cameras, locks, entertainment, environmental, or all of these together. Weill says the big question is: Who are you going to trust with your data and to help you to manage your home? The goal of these providers is to be the single GoTo entity that manages all the others. In Chapter 2 of their e-book, Heiferman & Sivan provide examples of some innovative digital technologies that organizations must consider to implement. Some of these technologies can improve the customer experience dramatically (e.g., artificial intelligence, big data analytics, chatbots, RPA, and much more). Organizations must understand that their current digital state (what we call digital transformation 1.0) will not be enough to compete in the new era. They must move to digital transformation 2.0, as explained in Chapter 2. Question #5: Do you have the crucial capabilities to reinvent your enterprise? Prof. Weill says this is a difficult question to answer and shares the example of DBS, a Singapore-based bank, which has made a remarkable digital transformation. By focusing on the three capabilities in question #3, DBS was able to improve the customer experience significantly and was awarded “the best bank in the world for 2018” by Global Finance magazine. “DBS is becoming digital to the core. It has automated many processes, encouraged and enabled people to innovate, and moved heavily into the cloud.” Prof. Weill says the bank’s goal is to make banking more fun for customers. DBS has made it much easier for customers to conduct business with the bank, saving more than 250 million customer hours and one million employee hours. DBS has also embraced new ways of digitally inspired thinking, including a partnership that offers banking services at cafés throughout India attracting more than 1 million customers in the first year. In their e-book, Heiferman & Sivan devote Chapter 5 to innovation and they stress the importance of companies to implement innovation as a new organizational skill. The companies have to introduce innovation processes and make sure that innovation becomes part of their DNA. This chapter discusses Design Thinking and Blue Ocean as vehicles to promote innovation. Question #6: Do you have the leadership to make transformation happen? This is perhaps the most difficult question, says Weill. As an example, he mentions BBVA, a Spanish-based bank that operates globally. By answering and acting on these six questions, the bank has made a massive digital transformation with strong results. Today, it is #1 in customer experience in its eight-core markets and digital accounts for 36% of all products and services sold. Digital transformation requires a strong vision with leadership often making hard decisions. The leaders must get the entire organization, including every person, onboard. Every employee has to play a role in the new digitally transformed enterprise. Most important, they need to feel like part of the team and believe that their contributions matter. In their e-book, Heiferman & Sivan devoted several chapters to discuss this important issue (Chapters 13, 14 and 15). The question of leadership is one of the most important questions and challenges of digital transformation. There is no one model of who should lead the journey and what are her or his skills and characteristics. At the end of the day, the transformation challenge is an issue of people and not a technological one. The examples given by Prof. Weill are indeed examples of organizations that the CEOs understood the challenge and the importance and were heavily involved in defining the vision, leading the journey and making sure that this transformation is one of the most critical challenges of the organization for future success. And they did it! DBS and BBVA are a showcase of digital transformation. We hope that your organization understands the above six questions and have the right answers. Good luck!